Exploring the Impact of Well-being, Spirituality, and Empathy on Workplace Dynamics: A Research-based Investigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v8i3.561Keywords:
Spirituality, Empathy, Wellbeing, Workplace, EmployeesAbstract
In the contemporary world, it is increasingly crucial to give significant importance to the enhancement and preservation of the well-being of employees. Based on the social exchange theory, this study investigates how spirituality at workplace affects employee well-being and how workplace empathy mediates this relationship. The analysis was carried out by administering a questionnaire to employees working in the textile sector in Pakistan. The findings of this study contribute to the existing research on spirituality at workplace, confirming its positive influence on employee well-being and identifying an even stronger link through workplace empathy. The study presents significant theoretical and practical findings that can be instrumental for policymakers and managers. It emphasizes crucial factors that can be leveraged to improve employee well-being.
References
Aboobaker, N., et al. (2020). "Spirituality at workplace, work-family conflict and intention to stay: An intrinsic motivational perspective among teachers." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 12(4): 787-801.
Afsar, B. and Y. Badir (2017). "Spirituality at workplace, perceived organizational support and innovative work behavior: The mediating effects of person-organization fit." Journal of workplace Learning 29(2): 95-109.
Ahmad, R., et al. (2023). "Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions." Frontiers in Psychology 13: 1015921.
Ahmed, A., et al. (2018). "Organizational factors and organizational performance: A resource-based view and social exchange theory viewpoint." International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 8(3): 579-599.
Akbari, M. and S. M. Hossaini (2018). "The relationship of spiritual health with quality of life, mental health, and burnout: The mediating role of emotional regulation." Iranian journal of psychiatry 13(1): 22.
Akhtar, S., et al. (2018). "Gaining recognition of Islamic spiritual intelligence for organisational sustainability." International Journal of Ethics and Systems 34(1): 70-77.
Altaf, A. and M. A. Awan (2011). "Moderating effect of spirituality at workplace on the relationship of job overload and job satisfaction." Journal of Business Ethics 104: 93-99.
Artha, B. I. and A. Etikariena (2020). Impact of Workplace Empathy Training on Employees’ Helping Behavior. 3rd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2019) and the 4th Universitas Indonesia Psychology Symposium for Undergraduate Research (UIPSUR 2019), Atlantis Press.
Ashmos, D. P. and D. Duchon (2000). "Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure." Journal of management inquiry 9(2): 134-145.
Aswin, A. E. and A. G. Rahyuda (2017). Pengaruh perceived organizational support terhadap organizational citizenship behavior dengan variabel kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi, Udayana University.
Awan, S. and A. Sitwat (2014). "Spirituality at workplace, Self-esteem, and Psychological Well-being Among Mental Health Professionals." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 29(1).
Baer, R. A., et al. (2004). "Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills." Assessment 11(3): 191-206.
Bagozzi, R. P. and W. J. Verbeke (2011). "Exploring the minds of managers: Insights from three neuroscience studies."
Bakker, A. B. and E. Demerouti (2017). "Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward." Journal of occupational health psychology 22(3): 273.
Baptiste, N. R. (2008). "Tightening the link between employee wellbeing at work and performance: A new dimension for HRM." Management decision 46(2): 284-309.
Barbuto, J. E. and M. E. Burbach (2006). "The emotional intelligence of transformational leaders: A field study of elected officials." The Journal of social psychology 146(1): 51-64.
Barsade, S., et al. (2003). "The affective revolution in organizational behavior: The emergence of a paradigm." Organizational behavior: A management challenge 1: 3-50.
Barsade, S. G. and O. A. O’Neill (2014). "What’s love got to do with it? A longitudinal study of the culture of companionate love and employee and client outcomes in a long-term care setting." Administrative science quarterly 59(4): 551-598.
Benitez, M., et al. (2019). "Employee well-being profiles and service quality: A unit-level analysis using a multilevel latent profile approach." European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 28(6): 859-872.
Bošnjakovi?, J. and T. Radionov (2018). "Empathy: Concepts, theories and neuroscientific basis." Alcoholism and psychiatry research: Journal on psychiatric research and addictions 54(2): 123-150.
Brown, B. (2018). Dare to lead: Brave work. Tough conversations. Whole hearts, Random house.
Carroll, S. T. (2013). "Addressing religion and spirituality in the workplace."
Cheung, M. F. (2013). "The mediating role of perceived organizational support in the effects of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational citizenship behaviors." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 34(6): 551-572.
Chigbu, B. I. and F. Nekhwevha (2023). "Exploring the concepts of decent work through the lens of SDG 8: addressing challenges and inadequacies." Frontiers in Sociology 8.
Chirico, F. (2016). "Spiritual well-being in the 21st century: It’s time to review the current WHO’s health definition." Journal of Health and Social Sciences 1(1): 11-16.
Chirico, F. and N. Magnavita (2019). "The spiritual dimension of health for more spirituality at workplace." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 23(2): 99.
Chopra, D. (2002). "The soul of leadership." School Administrator 59(8): 10-13.
Citaristi, I. (2022). Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development—OECD. The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, Routledge: 694-701.
Coulson, A. B., et al. (2014). "Hospitality codes and social exchange theory: The Pashtunwali and tourism in Afghanistan." Tourism Management 45: 134-141.
Cropanzano, R. and M. S. Mitchell (2005). "Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review." Journal of management 31(6): 874-900.
Cruise, S. M., et al. (2006). "Internal consistency, reliability, and temporal stability of the Oxford happiness questionnaire short-form: Test-retest data over two weeks." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34(2): 123-126.
Cullen-Lester, K. L., et al. (2019). "The effect of multiple negative, neutral, and positive organizational changes." European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 28(1): 124-135.
Dalmida, S. G. (2006). "Spirituality, mental health, physical health, and health-related quality of life among women with HIV/AIDS: integrating spirituality into mental health care." Issues in mental health nursing 27(2): 185-198.
Daniel, J. L. (2015). "Spirituality at workplace and stress: Evidence from Mexico and US." Management Research Review 38(1): 29-43.
Davis, M. H. (1983). "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach." Journal of personality and social psychology 44(1): 113.
Dazel, J. (2013). "Examining the effects of leader social intelligence on employee engagement."
Deci, E. L. and R. M. Ryan (2000). "The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior." Psychological inquiry 11(4): 227-268.
Delgado, C. (2005). "A discussion of the concept of spirituality." Nursing science quarterly 18(2): 157-162.
Della Noce, D. J. (1999). "Seeing theory in practice: An analysis of empathy in mediation." Negotiation Journal 15(3): 229-244.
Dhiman, S. and J. Marques (2016). Spirituality and sustainability, Springer.
Duchon, D. and D. A. Plowman (2005). "Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance." The leadership quarterly 16(5): 807-833.
Dunning, D., et al. (2001). Egocentric empathy gaps in social interaction and exchange. Advances in group processes, Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 65-97.
Dutton, J. E. and E. D. Heaphy (2003). "The power of high-quality connections." Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline 3(3): 263-278.
Pandey, A. and R. K. Gupta (2008). "Spirituality in management: A review of contemporary and traditional thoughts and agenda for research." Global Business Review 9(1): 65-83.
Pawar, B. S. (2009). "Spirituality at workplace facilitation: A comprehensive model." Journal of Business Ethics 90: 375-386.
Pawar, B. S. (2016). "Spirituality at workplace and employee well-being: an empirical examination." Employee relations 38(6): 975-994.
Payutto, P. (2002). Samadhi in Buddhism, Bangkok: Buddha Dhamma Foundation.
Pehrson, C., et al. (2016). "Responding empathically to patients: Development, implementation, and evaluation of a communication skills training module for oncology nurses." Patient education and counseling 99(4): 610-616.
Petchsawang, P. and D. Duchon (2009). "Measuring spirituality at workplace in an Asian context." Human resource development international 12(4): 459-468.
Petchsawang, P. and D. Duchon (2012). "Spirituality at workplace, meditation, and work performance." Journal of management, spirituality & religion 9(2): 189-208.
Pfaltzgraff-Carlson, R. (2020). "Reconceptualizing organizational spirituality: Theological roots for scientific and practical fruits." Journal of management, spirituality & religion 17(3): 249-269.
Porter, C. M. (2018). "Long live social exchange theory." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11(3): 498-504.
Rai, S. M., et al. (2019). "SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth–A gendered analysis." World Development 113: 368-380.
Rathee, R. and P. Rajain (2020). "Spirituality at workplace: A comparative study of various models." Jindal Journal of Business Research 9(1): 27-40.
Rego, A. and M. P. e Cunha (2008). "Spirituality at workplace and organizational commitment: an empirical study." Journal of organizational change management 21(1): 53-75.
Rezapouraghdam, H., et al. (2019). "Spirituality at workplace and organization sustainability: a theoretical perspective on hospitality employees’ sustainable behavior." Environment, Development and Sustainability 21: 1583-1601.
Shrestha, A. K. (2016). "Further validation of spirituality at workplace scale in an Eastern context." Journal of Business and Management Research 1(1): 1-13.
Shrestha, A. K. and L. K. Jena (2021). "Interactive effects of spirituality at workplace and psychological capital on employee negativity." Management and Labour Studies 46(1): 59-77.
Stiglitz, J. E., et al. (2009). Report by the commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress, The Commission Paris.
Sulzer, S. H., et al. (2016). "Assessing empathy development in medical education: a systematic review." Medical education 50(3): 300-310.
Tepper, B. J. (2001). "Health consequences of organizational injustice: Tests of main and interactive effects." Organizational behavior and human decision processes 86(2): 197-215.
Treviño, L. K., et al. (2014). "(Un) ethical behavior in organizations." Annual review of psychology 65: 635-660.
Troth, A. C., et al. (2014). Conflict, emotional intelligence and emotional regulation at work. Handbook of conflict management research, Edward Elgar Publishing: 254-269.
Ullah, S., et al. (2019). "Effects of perception of organizational politics on employee’s well-being: The mediating role of trust and interpersonal conflicts." European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings 8(1 (s)): pp. 1-14.
Vandenberghe, C. (2011). "Spirituality at workplace and organizational commitment: an integrative model." Journal of management, spirituality & religion 8(3): 211-232.
Viot, C. and L. Benraiss-Noailles (2019). "The link between benevolence and well-being in the context of human-resource marketing." Journal of Business Ethics 159(3): 883-896.
von Jorck, G., et al. (2019). "Time wealth—working paper on the definition of time wealth in the research project ReZeitKon."
Watkins Jr, C. E., et al. (2019). "Humility, ruptures, and rupture repair in clinical supervision: A simple conceptual clarification and extension." The Clinical Supervisor 38(2): 281-300.
Whitefield, D. and L. Kloot (2006). "Personal and interpersonal skills: The process of prescribing definitions in an accounting degree." Asian Review of Accounting 14(1/2): 101-121.
Wijngaards, I., et al. (2021). "Worker well-being: What it is, and how it should be measured." Applied Research in Quality of Life: 1-38.
Wright, T. A. and R. Cropanzano (2007). The happy/productive worker thesis revisited. Research in personnel and human resources management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 26: 269-307.
Wright, T. A., et al. (2007). "The moderating role of employee positive well being on the relation between job satisfaction and job performance." Journal of occupational health psychology 12(2): 93.
Yadav, S., et al. (2022). "Role of spirituality at workplace, empathic concern and organizational politics in employee wellbeing: A study on police personnel." Frontiers in Psychology 13: 881675.
Yzerbyt, V., et al. (2003). "I feel for us: The impact of categorization and identification on emotions and action tendencies." British journal of social psychology 42(4): 533-549.
Zivkovic, S. (2022). "Empathy in leadership: how it enhances effectiveness." Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings: 454-467.
Zou, W. C., et al. (2022). "Spirituality at workplace as a means of enhancing service employee well-being through emotional labor strategy choice." Current Psychology 41(8): 5546-5561.
