Impact of Covid-19 on Employee Performance in District Head Quarter Hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v7i4.428Keywords:
COVID-19, Healthcare Workers, Psychological Well-Being, Employee Performance, Stress, Burnout, Job Satisfaction, South PunjabAbstract
In South Punjab, Pakistan, district headquarter hospitals' healthcare personnel' performance is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in many ways. The target audience includes 3,573 healthcare professionals from nine regional district headquarters hospitals, including 1,980 doctors, 1,497 nurses, and 96 administrative staff. Despite inadequate healthcare spending, rising disease burdens, and a failing healthcare system, Pakistani healthcare personnel face several problems. These include lengthy working hours, poor safety equipment, and psychological anguish and burnout, which lower productivity, job satisfaction, and morale. Our data suggest that the COVID-19 epidemic affects psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and employee performance in these hospitals. In particular, psychological consequences (stress, anxiety, burnout) were positively correlated with work performance, highlighting their interconnection during the pandemic. Regression study showed substantial predicted connections between COVID-19 impact, employee performance, and job satisfaction, showing how the pandemic has affected healthcare personnel. Our study also found that hospitals with stronger COVID-19 preparedness have higher employee performance, highlighting the necessity of proactive actions to reduce unfavorable consequences. Strong positive correlations between psychological effects and performance show their interconnectedness, whereas regression analysis shows how COVID-19 affects performance and job satisfaction in these situations.
References
Abbasi, S., Khalili, H. A., Daneshmand-Mehr, M., & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M. (2022). Performance measurement of the sustainable supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A real-life case study. Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, 47(4), 327-358.
Ahmed, F., Syed, A. A., Kamal, M. A., de las Nieves López-García, M., Ramos-Requena, J. P., & Gupta, S. (2021). Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the stock and commodity markets performance and sustainability: A comparative analysis of South Asian countries. Sustainability, 13(10), 5669.
Ahmed, T., Khan, M. S., Thitivesa, D., Siraphatthada, Y., & Phumdara, T. (2020). Impact of employees engagement and knowledge sharing on organizational performance: Study of HR challenges in COVID-19 pandemic. Human Systems Management, 39(4), 589-601.
Al Maqbali, M., & Al Khadhuri, J. (2021). Psychological impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID?19) pandemic on nurses. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 18(3), e12417.
Ali, A. Ambikapathy, M. (2020). Impact and challenges towards employees work from home during covid-19 (MCO) period. International Journal of Social Science Research, 2(4), 97-107.
Badshah, W. Isac, N., Dobrin, C. (2020). The impact of sustainable transition of automation on employees in the automotive sector and the influence of corona pandemic. Revista de Management Comparat International/Review of International Comparative Management.
Bano, Y., Omar, S. S., & Ismail, F. (2021). Revitalising organisations’ emergency succession planning in the face of the Covid-19 outbreak. The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences.
Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. (2020). Stressors and resources for healthcare professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic: lesson learned from Italy. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 567099.
Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2021). Internet access and its implications for productivity, inequality, and resilience (No. w29102). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Benfante, A., Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., & Castelli, L. (2020). Traumatic stress in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the immediate impact. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 569935.
Bloom, N., Fletcher, R. S., & Yeh, E. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on US firms (No. w28314). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods. Oxford university press.’
Cai, G., Mo, Z., Gao, W., Xu, L., Jiang, Y., & Jiang, J. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An importance–performance analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3747.
Farooq, A., Laato, S., & Islam, A. N. (2020). Impact of online information on self-isolation intention during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(5), e19128.
García, M. L., Ríos-de Deus, M. P., & Mosquera-González, M. J. Penado Abilleira, M., Rodicio- (2021). Technostress in Spanish university teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 617650.
Gibbs, B., Kline, C. E., Huber, K. A., Paley, J. L., & Perera, S. J. O. M. (2021). Covid-19 shelter-at-home and work, lifestyle and well-being in desk workers. Occupational Medicine, 71(2), 86-94.
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., ... & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 7857.
Greenberg, D., & Hibbert, P. (2020). From the editors—Covid-19: Learning to hope and hoping to learn. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 19(2), 123-130.
Haider, S. A., Poulova, P., & Yasmin, F. (2021). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Work–Family Conflict, Emotional Intelligence, and General Self-Efficacy Among Medical Practitioners During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychology research and behavior management, 1867-1876.
Jafar, M., & Shoukat, A. (2020). Factors affecting performance of healthcare workers during COVID-19 in Pakistan. Space and Culture, India, 8(2), 62-73.
James, R., & Kengatharan, N. (2020). Exploring the effect of Covid-19 on small and medium enterprises: Early evidence from Sri Lanka.
Jones, W., Gibb, A. G., & Chow, V. (2022). Adapting to COVID-19 on construction sites: what are the lessons for long-term improvements in safety and worker effectiveness?. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 20(1), 66-85.
Khan, M. S., Thitivesa, D., Siraphatthada, Y., & Phumdara, T. (2020). Impact of employees engagement and knowledge sharing on organizational performance: Study of HR challenges in COVID-19 pandemic. Human Systems Management, 39(4), 589-601.
Khan, N. A., & Saleem, I. Jamal, M. T., Anwar, I.,(2021). Work during COVID-19: assessing the influence of job demands and resources on practical and psychological outcomes for employees. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 13(3), 293-319.
Koo, Wibbens, P. D., W. W. Y., & McGahan, A. M. (2020). Which COVID policies are most effective? A Bayesian analysis of COVID-19 by jurisdiction. PloS one, 15(12), e0244177.
Lai, H., Hossin, M. A., Li, J., Wang, R., & Hosain, M. S. (2022). Examining the relationship between COVID-19 related job stress and employees’ turnover intention with the moderating role of perceived organizational support: Evidence from SMEs in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3719.
Lai, X., Wang, M., Qin, C., Tan, L., Ran, L., Chen, D., ... & Wang, W. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) infection among health care workers and implications for prevention measures in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. JAMA network open, 3(5), e209666-e209666.
Lasalvia, A., Amaddeo, F., Porru, S., Carta, A., Tardivo, S., Bovo, C., ... & Bonetto, C. (2021). Levels of burn-out among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated factors: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of a highly burdened area of north-east Italy. BMJ open, 11(1), e045127.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
Lee, T. C., Yao-Ping Peng, M., Wang, L., & Hung, H. K. (2021). Factors influencing employees’ subjective wellbeing and job performance during the COVID-19 global pandemic: the perspective of social cognitive career theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 577028.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2001). Burnout and quality in a sped-up world. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 24(2), 48.
Liu, X., Zheng, X., Lee, B. Y., Yu, Y., & Zhang, M. (2023). COVID-19 and employee job performance trajectories: The moderating effect of different sources of status. Journal of vocational behavior, 142, 103862.
Maben, J., Taylor, C., & Bridges, J. (2020). Guidance to support nurses’ psychological well-being during Covid-19 crisis.
Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Di Prinzio, R. R. (2020). Symptoms in health care workers during the COVID-19 epidemic. A cross-sectional survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(14), 5218.
Malik, S., Ullah, I., Irfan, M., Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Pakpour, A. H., ... & Minhas, R. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health, 21, 1-9.
McGlover, C. A. (2021). Stress Levels and Work Performance among Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University).
Mckee, H., Gohar, B., Appleby, R., Nowrouzi-Kia, B., Hagen, B. N., & Jones-Bitton, A. (2021). High psychosocial work demands, decreased well-being, and perceived well-being needs within veterinary academia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 746716.
Menekay, M. Çelmeçe, N. (2020). The effect of stress, anxiety and burnout levels of healthcare professionals caring for COVID-19 patients on their quality of life. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 597624.
Miller, J. J., Niu, C., & Moody, S. (2020). Child welfare workers and peritraumatic distress: The impact of COVID-19. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 105508.
Mishra, A. K., Patel, A., & Jain, S. (2021). Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on Performance of Indian Banking Sector. In ISIC (Vol. 21, pp. 25-27).
Moore, L. D., Robbins, G., Quinn, J., & Arbogast, J. W. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene performance in hospitals. American journal of infection control, 49(1), 30-33.
Nisar, Q. A., Haider, S., Ali, F., Naz, S., & Ryu, K. (2021). Depletion of psychological, financial, and social resources in the hospitality sector during the pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102794.
Nolan, J. P., Monsieurs, K. G., Bossaert, L., Böttiger, B. W., Greif, R., Lott, C., ... & Wyllie, J. (2020). European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary. Resuscitation, 153, 45-55.
Pappa, S., Sakkas, N., & Sakka, E. (2022). A year in review: sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep medicine, 91, 237-245.
Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020). Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. New England journal of medicine, 383(6), 510-512.
Rafique, G. M., Mahmood, K., Warraich, N. F., & Rehman, S. U. (2021). Readiness for Online Learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Pakistani LIS students. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(3), 102346.
Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian journal of psychiatry, 52, 102066.
Rashid, S., & Yadav, S. S. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education and research. Indian Journal of Human Development, 14(2), 340-343.
Ripp, J., Herrera, J. E., Cortes, M., Kellner, C., Rizk, D., & Dams-O’Connor, K. (2020). Multisensory, nature-inspired recharge rooms yield short-term reductions in perceived stress among frontline healthcare workers. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 560833.
Rosenbaum, L. (2020). The untold toll—the pandemic’s effects on patients without Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(24), 2368-2371.
Rossi, M. Del Boca, D., Oggero, N., Profeta, P., & (2020). Women’s and men’s work, housework and childcare, before and during COVID-19. Review of Economics of the Household, 18(4), 1001-1017.
Saladino, V., Algeri, D., & Auriemma, V. (2020). The psychological and social impact of Covid-19: new perspectives of well-being. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 577684.
Saleem, F., Malik, M. I., & Qureshi, S. S. (2021). Work stress hampering employee performance during COVID-19: is safety culture needed?. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 655839.
Salman, H., & Kouider, T. Ogunnusi, M., Hamma-Adama, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: the effects and prospects in the construction industry. International journal of real estate studies, 14(Special Issue 2).
Siddiqui, A. Alsamhi, M. H., Al-Ofairi, F. A., Farhan, N. H., Al-Ahdal, W. M., & (2022). Impact of Covid-19 on firms’ performance: Empirical evidence from India. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1), 2044593.
Sinsky, C. A., Brown, R. L., Stillman, M. J., & Linzer, M. (2021). COVID-related stress and work intentions in a sample of US health care workers. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 5(6), 1165-1173.
Usher, K., Durkin, J., & Bhullar, N. (2020). The COVID?19 pandemic and mental health impacts. International journal of mental health nursing, 29(3), 315.
van den Heuvel, E. Maniatis, K., Chiaramonti, D.,(2021). Post COVID-19 recovery and 2050 climate change targets: Changing the emphasis from promotion of renewables to mandated curtailment of fossil fuels in the EU policies. Energies, 14(5), 1347.
Waris, O., Jylkkä, J., & Laine, M. Fellman, D., Ritakallio, L. (2020). Beginning of the pandemic: COVID-19-elicited anxiety as a predictor of working memory performance. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 576466.
Williamson, H. C. (2020). Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on relationship satisfaction and attributions. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1479-1487.
Xiang, Y. T. An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of affective disorders, 276, 312-315.





